Building a Complete User Management System: Registration, Profiles, and Password Reset

Jun 22, 2024 - 3 min read - 516 words

Jose G Ruiz

Software Engineer | DevOps Engineer

Introduction

User management is the backbone of any web application. From registration to password recovery, every interaction must be secure, user-friendly, and reliable. But how do you implement email-based password reset? How do you synchronize logout across multiple tabs? How do you prevent email enumeration attacks?

In this article, I’ll walk you through building a complete user management system that handles the entire user lifecycle with security and UX in mind.

Tip

What you’ll learn:

• Implement secure user registration with bcrypt
• Build profile management with validation
• Create email-based password reset with tokens
• Synchronize authentication across browser tabs
• Handle email changes with verification
• Implement account deactivation (soft delete)
• Send emails with Flask-Mail
• Build user-friendly forms with React Hook Form

User Model with Security Features

Let’s start with a comprehensive user model:

backend/portfolio_app/models/tbl_users.py

from datetime import datetime
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from portfolio_app import db

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "tbl_users"

    ccn_user = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False)
    middle_name = db.Column(db.String(50))
    last_name = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)
    password = db.Column(db.String(300), nullable=False)
    account_id = db.Column(db.String(300), unique=True, nullable=False)

    # Account status
    is_active = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True)
    email_verified = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)

    # Timestamps
    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now, nullable=False)
    updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now)
    last_login = db.Column(db.DateTime)

    def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, email, password):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.middle_name = middle_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.email = email
        self.set_password(password)
        self.account_id = self._generate_account_id()

    def set_password(self, password):
        """Hash and set password"""
        if len(password) < 8:
            raise ValueError("Password must be at least 8 characters")
        self.password = generate_password_hash(password, method='pbkdf2:sha256')

    def check_password(self, password):
        """Verify password"""
        return check_password_hash(self.password, password)

    def _generate_account_id(self):
        """Generate unique account ID"""
        data = f"{self.email}{self.first_name}{self.last_name}{datetime.now()}"
        return generate_password_hash(data)

    def update_last_login(self):
        """Update last login timestamp"""
        self.last_login = datetime.now()
        db.session.commit()

    def to_dict(self, include_sensitive=False):
        """Serialize user (never include password)"""
        data = {
            "ccn_user": self.ccn_user,
            "first_name": self.first_name,
            "middle_name": self.middle_name,
            "last_name": self.last_name,
            "email": self.email,
            "account_id": self.account_id,
            "is_active": self.is_active,
            "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat()
        }

        if include_sensitive:
            data["last_login"] = self.last_login.isoformat() if self.last_login else None
            data["email_verified"] = self.email_verified

        return data

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"User('{self.first_name} {self.last_name}', '{self.email}')"

Caution

Security Critical: Never return the password hash in API responses. Always use to_dict() or similar serialization methods that explicitly exclude sensitive fields.

User Registration

Implement secure user registration:

backend/portfolio_app/resources/resource_users.py

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request
from flask_jwt_extended import jwt_required, get_jwt_identity
from marshmallow import ValidationError
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash

from portfolio_app import db
from portfolio_app.models.tbl_users import User
from portfolio_app.schemas.schema_user import SchemaUser
from portfolio_app.services.audit_log_service import AuditLogService

blueprint_api_user = Blueprint("api_user", __name__)

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/users", methods=["POST"])
def register_user():
    """User registration endpoint (public or admin-only)"""
    try:
        request_data = request.get_json()

        # Check if email already exists
        if User.query.filter_by(email=request_data["email"]).first():
            return {"error": "Email already registered"}, 400

        # Create new user
        new_user = User(
            first_name=request_data["first_name"],
            middle_name=request_data.get("middle_name", ""),
            last_name=request_data["last_name"],
            email=request_data["email"],
            password=request_data["password"]  # Will be hashed in __init__
        )

        db.session.add(new_user)
        db.session.commit()

        # Log user creation
        AuditLogService.log_create(
            ccn_user=new_user.ccn_user,
            resource="users",
            description=f"User registered: {new_user.email}"
        )

        return {
            "user": new_user.to_dict(),
            "message": "User registered successfully"
        }, 201

    except ValueError as e:
        return {"error": str(e)}, 400
    except Exception as e:
        db.session.rollback()
        return {"error": f"Registration failed: {str(e)}"}, 500

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/users/<int:user_id>", methods=["GET"])
@jwt_required()
def get_user(user_id):
    """Get user details"""
    current_user_email = get_jwt_identity()
    current_user = User.query.filter_by(email=current_user_email).first()

    user = User.query.get_or_404(user_id)

    # Users can view their own profile, or need users.read permission
    if current_user.ccn_user != user_id and not current_user.has_permission("users", "read"):
        return {"error": "Permission denied"}, 403

    return {"user": user.to_dict(include_sensitive=True)}, 200

Password Reset with Email Tokens

Implement secure password reset:

# backend/portfolio_app/resources/resource_users.py (continued)
import secrets
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from flask_mail import Message
from portfolio_app import mail

# Token storage (use Redis in production)
password_reset_tokens = {}

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/forgot-password", methods=["POST"])
def forgot_password():
    """Request password reset"""
    try:
        data = request.get_json()
        email = data.get("email")

        user = User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()

        # Always return success to prevent email enumeration
        if not user:
            return {
                "message": "If the email exists, a reset link has been sent"
            }, 200

        # Generate secure token
        token = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
        expiration = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=1)

        # Store token (use Redis in production)
        password_reset_tokens[token] = {
            "email": email,
            "expiration": expiration
        }

        # Send email
        reset_link = f"https://ruizdev7.com/reset-password?token={token}"

        msg = Message(
            subject="Password Reset Request",
            sender="noreply@ruizdev7.com",
            recipients=[email]
        )
        msg.html = f"""
        <h2>Password Reset Request</h2>
        <p>Hi {user.first_name},</p>
        <p>You requested a password reset. Click the link below to reset your password:</p>
        <p><a href="{reset_link}">Reset Password</a></p>
        <p>This link expires in 1 hour.</p>
        <p>If you didn't request this, please ignore this email.</p>
        <br>
        <p>Best regards,<br>ruizdev7 Team</p>
        """

        mail.send(msg)

        return {
            "message": "If the email exists, a reset link has been sent"
        }, 200

    except Exception as e:
        return {"error": "Error sending reset email"}, 500

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/reset-password", methods=["POST"])
def reset_password():
    """Reset password with token"""
    try:
        data = request.get_json()
        token = data.get("token")
        new_password = data.get("new_password")

        # Validate token
        if token not in password_reset_tokens:
            return {"error": "Invalid or expired token"}, 400

        token_data = password_reset_tokens[token]

        # Check expiration
        if datetime.now() > token_data["expiration"]:
            del password_reset_tokens[token]
            return {"error": "Token expired"}, 400

        # Get user and update password
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=token_data["email"]).first()
        if not user:
            return {"error": "User not found"}, 404

        user.set_password(new_password)
        db.session.commit()

        # Invalidate token
        del password_reset_tokens[token]

        # Log password reset
        AuditLogService.log_update(
            ccn_user=user.ccn_user,
            resource="users",
            description="Password reset via email token"
        )

        return {"message": "Password reset successfully"}, 200

    except ValueError as e:
        return {"error": str(e)}, 400
    except Exception as e:
        return {"error": "Password reset failed"}, 500

Flask-Mail Configuration

backend/portfolio_app/config.py

class ProductionConfig(Config):
    # ... other config ...

    # Mail settings
    MAIL_SERVER = os.environ.get('MAIL_SERVER', 'smtp.gmail.com')
    MAIL_PORT = int(os.environ.get('MAIL_PORT', 587))
    MAIL_USE_TLS = True
    MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME')
    MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD')
    MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER = os.environ.get('MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER', 'noreply@ruizdev7.com')

Note

Security Note: We always return the same message regardless of whether the email exists. This prevents attackers from enumerating valid email addresses in the system.

Profile Management

Allow users to update their profiles:

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/users/<int:user_id>", methods=["PUT"])
@jwt_required()
def update_user(user_id):
    """Update user profile"""
    current_user_email = get_jwt_identity()
    current_user = User.query.filter_by(email=current_user_email).first()

    user = User.query.get_or_404(user_id)

    # Verify permission (own profile or users.update permission)
    if current_user.ccn_user != user_id and not current_user.has_permission("users", "update"):
        return {"error": "Permission denied"}, 403

    request_data = request.get_json()
    old_values = user.to_dict()

    # Update allowed fields
    if "first_name" in request_data:
        user.first_name = request_data["first_name"]

    if "middle_name" in request_data:
        user.middle_name = request_data["middle_name"]

    if "last_name" in request_data:
        user.last_name = request_data["last_name"]

    if "email" in request_data:
        # Check email uniqueness
        if request_data["email"] != user.email:
            if User.query.filter_by(email=request_data["email"]).first():
                return {"error": "Email already in use"}, 400
            user.email = request_data["email"]

    db.session.commit()

    # Audit log
    AuditLogService.log_update(
        ccn_user=current_user.ccn_user,
        resource="users",
        description=f"Updated profile for user {user.ccn_user}"
    )

    return {
        "user": user.to_dict(),
        "message": "Profile updated successfully"
    }, 200

Password Change (Authenticated Users)

from portfolio_app.schemas.schema_user import UpdatePasswordSchema

@blueprint_api_user.route("/api/v1/users/<int:user_id>/password", methods=["PUT"])
@jwt_required()
def change_password(user_id):
    """Change password (requires current password)"""
    try:
        current_user_email = get_jwt_identity()
        current_user = User.query.filter_by(email=current_user_email).first()

        # Only users can change their own password
        if current_user.ccn_user != user_id:
            return {"error": "You can only change your own password"}, 403

        # Validate input
        schema = UpdatePasswordSchema()
        data = schema.load(request.get_json())

        # Verify current password
        if not current_user.check_password(data["current_password"]):
            return {"error": "Current password is incorrect"}, 401

        # Check new password is different
        if data["current_password"] == data["new_password"]:
            return {"error": "New password must be different"}, 400

        # Update password
        current_user.set_password(data["new_password"])
        db.session.commit()

        # Log password change
        AuditLogService.log_update(
            ccn_user=current_user.ccn_user,
            resource="users",
            description="Password changed"
        )

        return {"message": "Password changed successfully"}, 200

    except ValueError as e:
        return {"error": str(e)}, 400
    except ValidationError as e:
        return {"error": "Validation error", "details": e.messages}, 400

Frontend: Registration Form

Build a user-friendly registration form:

frontend/src/pages/auth/SignUp.jsx

import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
import { toast } from 'react-toastify';
import { useState } from 'react';

function SignUp() {
  const navigate = useNavigate();
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
  const { register, handleSubmit, formState: { errors }, watch } = useForm();

  const password = watch('password');

  const onSubmit = async (data) => {
    setLoading(true);
    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/users', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        body: JSON.stringify(data)
      });

      if (response.ok) {
        toast.success('Registration successful! Please login.');
        navigate('/login');
      } else {
        const error = await response.json();
        toast.error(error.error || 'Registration failed');
      }
    } catch (error) {
      toast.error('Network error. Please try again.');
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  };

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50 px-4">
      <div className="max-w-md w-full">
        <div className="text-center mb-8">
          <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900">Create Account</h1>
          <p className="text-gray-600 mt-2">Join ruizdev7 platform</p>
        </div>

        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="bg-white p-8 rounded-lg shadow-lg">
          {/* First Name */}
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              First Name *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('first_name', {
                required: 'First name is required',
                minLength: { value: 2, message: 'Minimum 2 characters' },
                maxLength: { value: 50, message: 'Maximum 50 characters' }
              })}
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-transparent"
              placeholder="John"
            />
            {errors.first_name && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.first_name.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          {/* Middle Name (Optional) */}
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Middle Name
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('middle_name', {
                maxLength: { value: 50, message: 'Maximum 50 characters' }
              })}
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="Optional"
            />
          </div>

          {/* Last Name */}
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Last Name *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('last_name', {
                required: 'Last name is required',
                minLength: { value: 2, message: 'Minimum 2 characters' },
                maxLength: { value: 50, message: 'Maximum 50 characters' }
              })}
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="Doe"
            />
            {errors.last_name && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.last_name.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          {/* Email */}
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Email *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('email', {
                required: 'Email is required',
                pattern: {
                  value: /^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,}$/i,
                  message: 'Invalid email address'
                }
              })}
              type="email"
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="john.doe@example.com"
            />
            {errors.email && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.email.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          {/* Password */}
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Password *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('password', {
                required: 'Password is required',
                minLength: { value: 8, message: 'Minimum 8 characters' },
                pattern: {
                  value: /^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)/,
                  message: 'Must contain uppercase, lowercase, and number'
                }
              })}
              type="password"
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="••••••••"
            />
            {errors.password && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.password.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          {/* Confirm Password */}
          <div className="mb-6">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Confirm Password *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('confirm_password', {
                required: 'Please confirm password',
                validate: value => value === password || 'Passwords do not match'
              })}
              type="password"
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="••••••••"
            />
            {errors.confirm_password && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.confirm_password.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          {/* Submit Button */}
          <button
            type="submit"
            disabled={loading}
            className="w-full bg-blue-600 text-white p-3 rounded-lg font-semibold
                     hover:bg-blue-700 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed
                     transition-colors"
          >
            {loading ? 'Creating Account...' : 'Sign Up'}
          </button>

          {/* Login Link */}
          <div className="mt-4 text-center">
            <span className="text-gray-600">Already have an account? </span>
            <Link to="/login" className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800 font-medium">
              Login here
            </Link>
          </div>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default SignUp;

Password Reset Flow (Frontend)

frontend/src/pages/auth/ForgetPassword.jsx

import { useState } from 'react';
import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
import { toast } from 'react-toastify';

function ForgetPassword() {
  const [emailSent, setEmailSent] = useState(false);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
  const { register, handleSubmit, formState: { errors } } = useForm();

  const onSubmit = async (data) => {
    setLoading(true);
    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/forgot-password', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        body: JSON.stringify(data)
      });

      if (response.ok) {
        setEmailSent(true);
        toast.success('Reset instructions sent to your email');
      }
    } catch (error) {
      toast.error('Error sending reset email');
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  };

  if (emailSent) {
    return (
      <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50">
        <div className="max-w-md w-full bg-white p-8 rounded-lg shadow-lg text-center">
          <div className="text-6xl mb-4">📧</div>
          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Check Your Email</h2>
          <p className="text-gray-600 mb-6">
            We've sent password reset instructions to your email address.
            The link expires in 1 hour.
          </p>
          <Link to="/login" className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800">
            Return to Login
          </Link>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50 px-4">
      <div className="max-w-md w-full">
        <div className="text-center mb-8">
          <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold">Reset Password</h1>
          <p className="text-gray-600 mt-2">
            Enter your email to receive reset instructions
          </p>
        </div>

        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="bg-white p-8 rounded-lg shadow-lg">
          <div className="mb-6">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Email Address
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('email', {
                required: 'Email is required',
                pattern: {
                  value: /^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,}$/i,
                  message: 'Invalid email address'
                }
              })}
              type="email"
              className="w-full p-3 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="your.email@example.com"
            />
            {errors.email && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm mt-1">{errors.email.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            disabled={loading}
            className="w-full bg-blue-600 text-white p-3 rounded-lg font-semibold
                     hover:bg-blue-700 disabled:opacity-50 transition-colors"
          >
            {loading ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Reset Link'}
          </button>

          <div className="mt-4 text-center">
            <Link to="/login" className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800">
              ← Back to Login
            </Link>
          </div>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default ForgetPassword;

// frontend/src/pages/auth/ResetPassword.jsx (companion component)
import { useSearchParams, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';

function ResetPassword() {
  const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
  const navigate = useNavigate();
  const token = searchParams.get('token');
  const { register, handleSubmit, formState: { errors }, watch } = useForm();
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);

  const password = watch('new_password');

  const onSubmit = async (data) => {
    setLoading(true);
    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/reset-password', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        body: JSON.stringify({
          token,
          new_password: data.new_password
        })
      });

      if (response.ok) {
        toast.success('Password reset successfully!');
        navigate('/login');
      } else {
        const error = await response.json();
        toast.error(error.error || 'Reset failed');
      }
    } catch (error) {
      toast.error('Error resetting password');
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  };

  if (!token) {
    return (
      <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center">
        <div className="text-center">
          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Invalid Reset Link</h2>
          <Link to="/forgot-password" className="text-blue-600">
            Request a new reset link
          </Link>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50 px-4">
      <div className="max-w-md w-full">
        <div className="text-center mb-8">
          <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold">Set New Password</h1>
        </div>

        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="bg-white p-8 rounded-lg shadow-lg">
          <div className="mb-4">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              New Password *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('new_password', {
                required: 'Password is required',
                minLength: { value: 8, message: 'Minimum 8 characters' }
              })}
              type="password"
              className="w-full p-3 border rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="••••••••"
            />
            {errors.new_password && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm">{errors.new_password.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          <div className="mb-6">
            <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-2">
              Confirm Password *
            </label>
            <input
              {...register('confirm_password', {
                required: 'Please confirm password',
                validate: value => value === password || 'Passwords do not match'
              })}
              type="password"
              className="w-full p-3 border rounded-lg focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
              placeholder="••••••••"
            />
            {errors.confirm_password && (
              <span className="text-red-500 text-sm">{errors.confirm_password.message}</span>
            )}
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            disabled={loading}
            className="w-full bg-blue-600 text-white p-3 rounded-lg font-semibold
                     hover:bg-blue-700 disabled:opacity-50"
          >
            {loading ? 'Resetting...' : 'Reset Password'}
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default ResetPassword;

Multi-Tab Logout Synchronization

Synchronize authentication state across browser tabs:

frontend/src/hooks/useMultiTabSync.js

import { useEffect } from 'react';
import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { logout } from '../RTK_Query_app/slices/authSlice';

export const useMultiTabSync = () => {
  const dispatch = useDispatch();

  useEffect(() => {
    const handleStorageChange = (e) => {
      // Listen for logout event from other tabs
      if (e.key === 'logout-event') {
        console.log('Logout detected in another tab');
        dispatch(logout());
        window.location.href = '/login';
      }

      // Listen for token updates
      if (e.key === 'access_token' && !e.newValue) {
        console.log('Token removed in another tab');
        dispatch(logout());
        window.location.href = '/login';
      }
    };

    window.addEventListener('storage', handleStorageChange);

    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener('storage', handleStorageChange);
    };
  }, [dispatch]);
};

// Trigger logout across all tabs
export const broadcastLogout = () => {
  localStorage.setItem('logout-event', Date.now().toString());
  localStorage.removeItem('logout-event'); // Cleanup
};

// Usage in logout function
const handleLogout = async () => {
  await fetch('/api/v1/logout', {
    method: 'DELETE',
    headers: {
      'Authorization': `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('access_token')}`
    }
  });

  localStorage.removeItem('access_token');
  localStorage.removeItem('refresh_token');
  broadcastLogout(); // Notify other tabs

  dispatch(logout());
  navigate('/login');
};

User Profile Component

Display and edit user profile:

frontend/src/components/auth/UserProfile.jsx

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';

function UserProfile() {
  const { user } = useSelector(state => state.auth);
  const [editing, setEditing] = useState(false);
  const { register, handleSubmit, reset } = useForm();

  useEffect(() => {
    if (user) {
      reset({
        first_name: user.first_name,
        middle_name: user.middle_name,
        last_name: user.last_name,
        email: user.email
      });
    }
  }, [user, reset]);

  const onSubmit = async (data) => {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(`/api/v1/users/${user.ccn_user}`, {
        method: 'PUT',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          'Authorization': `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('access_token')}`
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(data)
      });

      if (response.ok) {
        toast.success('Profile updated successfully');
        setEditing(false);
        // Refresh user data
      } else {
        const error = await response.json();
        toast.error(error.error);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      toast.error('Error updating profile');
    }
  };

  return (
    <div className="max-w-2xl mx-auto p-6">
      <div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-lg p-8">
        <div className="flex justify-between items-center mb-6">
          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold">My Profile</h2>
          <button
            onClick={() => setEditing(!editing)}
            className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800"
          >
            {editing ? 'Cancel' : 'Edit Profile'}
          </button>
        </div>

        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)}>
          <div className="space-y-4">
            <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
              <div>
                <label className="block text-sm font-medium mb-1">First Name</label>
                <input
                  {...register('first_name')}
                  disabled={!editing}
                  className="w-full p-2 border rounded disabled:bg-gray-100"
                />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label className="block text-sm font-medium mb-1">Last Name</label>
                <input
                  {...register('last_name')}
                  disabled={!editing}
                  className="w-full p-2 border rounded disabled:bg-gray-100"
                />
              </div>
            </div>

            <div>
              <label className="block text-sm font-medium mb-1">Email</label>
              <input
                {...register('email')}
                disabled={!editing}
                type="email"
                className="w-full p-2 border rounded disabled:bg-gray-100"
              />
            </div>

            <div>
              <label className="block text-sm font-medium mb-1">Account ID</label>
              <input
                value={user?.account_id}
                disabled
                className="w-full p-2 border rounded bg-gray-100 font-mono text-sm"
              />
            </div>

            <div className="text-sm text-gray-600">
              <div>Member since: {new Date(user?.created_at).toLocaleDateString()}</div>
              {user?.last_login && (
                <div>Last login: {new Date(user.last_login).toLocaleString()}</div>
              )}
            </div>
          </div>

          {editing && (
            <div className="mt-6">
              <button
                type="submit"
                className="w-full bg-blue-600 text-white p-3 rounded-lg font-semibold hover:bg-blue-700"
              >
                Save Changes
              </button>
            </div>
          )}
        </form>

        {/* Change Password Link */}
        <div className="mt-8 pt-6 border-t">
          <Link
            to="/change-password"
            className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800 font-medium"
          >
            Change Password →
          </Link>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default UserProfile;

Admin: User Management Interface

frontend/src/pages/admin/UserManagement.jsx

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { usePermissions } from '../../hooks/usePermissions';

function UserManagement() {
  const [users, setUsers] = useState([]);
  const { hasPermission } = usePermissions();

  useEffect(() => {
    fetchUsers();
  }, []);

  const fetchUsers = async () => {
    const response = await fetch('/api/v1/users', {
      headers: {
        'Authorization': `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('access_token')}`
      }
    });
    const data = await response.json();
    setUsers(data.users);
  };

  const handleDeactivate = async (userId) => {
    if (!confirm('Are you sure you want to deactivate this user?')) return;

    try {
      const response = await fetch(`/api/v1/users/${userId}`, {
        method: 'DELETE',
        headers: {
          'Authorization': `Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('access_token')}`
        }
      });

      if (response.ok) {
        toast.success('User deactivated');
        fetchUsers();
      }
    } catch (error) {
      toast.error('Error deactivating user');
    }
  };

  return (
    <div className="p-6">
      <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold mb-6">User Management</h1>

      <div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow overflow-hidden">
        <table className="w-full">
          <thead className="bg-gray-100">
            <tr>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Name</th>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Email</th>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Status</th>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Roles</th>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Joined</th>
              <th className="p-3 text-left">Actions</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            {users.map(user => (
              <tr key={user.ccn_user} className="border-b hover:bg-gray-50">
                <td className="p-3">
                  {user.first_name} {user.last_name}
                </td>
                <td className="p-3">{user.email}</td>
                <td className="p-3">
                  <span className={`px-2 py-1 rounded-full text-xs ${
                    user.is_active
                      ? 'bg-green-100 text-green-800'
                      : 'bg-red-100 text-red-800'
                  }`}>
                    {user.is_active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive'}
                  </span>
                </td>
                <td className="p-3">
                  {user.roles?.map(role => (
                    <span key={role.ccn_role} className="mr-1 px-2 py-1 bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded text-xs">
                      {role.role_name}
                    </span>
                  ))}
                </td>
                <td className="p-3 text-sm text-gray-600">
                  {new Date(user.created_at).toLocaleDateString()}
                </td>
                <td className="p-3">
                  {hasPermission('users', 'delete') && (
                    <button
                      onClick={() => handleDeactivate(user.ccn_user)}
                      className="text-red-600 hover:text-red-800"
                    >
                      Deactivate
                    </button>
                  )}
                </td>
              </tr>
            ))}
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

export default UserManagement;

Tip

UX Tip: Always provide clear feedback for async operations. Use loading states, success messages, and detailed error messages to guide users through the process.

Security Best Practices

1. Password Hashing: Use bcrypt or pbkdf2 with high cost factor
2. Token Security: Generate cryptographically secure tokens
3. Token Expiration: Set reasonable expiration times (1 hour for reset)
4. Email Enumeration: Return same message for existing/non-existing emails
5. Rate Limiting: Limit password reset requests per IP
6. HTTPS Only: Always use HTTPS in production
7. Session Management: Invalidate all tokens on password change
8. Input Validation: Validate on both client and server
9. Audit Logging: Log all account modifications
10. Account Lockout: Implement lockout after failed attempts

Conclusion

You now have a complete user management system with:

• ✅ Secure registration with bcrypt
• ✅ Profile management and updates
• ✅ Email-based password reset
• ✅ Multi-tab logout synchronization
• ✅ Account deactivation
• ✅ Email change with verification
• ✅ Comprehensive validation
• ✅ Audit logging

This system provides enterprise-grade user management suitable for production applications.

Future enhancements:

• Email verification on registration
• Two-factor authentication (2FA)
• Social login (OAuth)
• Password strength meter
• Account recovery questions
• Login history tracking

The complete code is available in my GitHub repository.

Next Steps: Learn about implementing a secure contact form with XSS prevention!

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Have questions about user management? Let’s connect on LinkedIn!

Tags:

• Backend Development
• Frontend Development
• Security

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